{"product_id":"ac-0529-england-1640-41-star-mintmark-tower-mint-charles-i-shilling-ef45","title":"England 1640-41 Star Mintmark, Tower Mint Charles I Shilling EF-AU (EF45)","description":"England 1640-41 Star Mintmark, Tower Mint Charles I Shilling EF-AU (EF45) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCharles I of England (1600–1649) was a Stuart monarch whose reign was defined by escalating conflict with Parliament and ultimately the breakdown of royal authority. He succeeded his father, James I of England, in 1625 and ruled during a period of deep political and religious tension across England, Scotland, and Ireland. Charles believed strongly in the divine right of kings, leading him to govern for long periods without Parliament and to impose unpopular taxes, which generated widespread opposition. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese tensions culminated in the outbreak of the English Civil War between Royalists (Cavaliers) and Parliamentarians (Roundheads), led by figures such as Oliver Cromwell. After several years of warfare, Charles was defeated, captured, and brought under Parliamentary custody. His refusal to accept limits on royal authority or to fully compromise with his opponents ensured that reconciliation remained impossible. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn 1649, Charles was put on trial for high treason against his own people, which was a highly controversial and unprecedented charge that asserted that a king could be held accountable to the law. He was found guilty by a specially convened court, despite the absence of legal precedent for trying a reigning monarch. Shortly afterward, he was publicly executed outside the Banqueting House at Whitehall, becoming the only English monarch ever formally tried and beheaded for treason. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHis execution marked the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England under Cromwell’s leadership. Although the monarchy was later restored in 1660 under his son, Charles II of England, Charles I’s downfall had a lasting impact on constitutional history, reinforcing the idea that even sovereign power could be challenged and constrained. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eObverse: The sixth, large \"Briot's\" bust facing left, with a stellate lace collar and a double-arched crown, the denomination behind the head, and the legend around. \u003cbr\u003eReverse: A square-topped, quartered Shield of Arms over a corss moline within an inner circle, legend around. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpecifications: \u003cbr\u003eIssuer: England \u003cbr\u003eMonarch: Charles I (1625-1649) \u003cbr\u003eComposition: 0.925 Silver \u003cbr\u003eWeight: 6 g \u003cbr\u003eDiameter: 30 mm \u003cbr\u003eMint: The Tower Mint, London, England","brand":"Colonial Acres Coins","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52643656302881,"sku":"AC-0529","price":337.5,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0679\/1744\/7457\/files\/AC-0529.jpg?v=1779989874","url":"https:\/\/www.colonialacres.com\/products\/ac-0529-england-1640-41-star-mintmark-tower-mint-charles-i-shilling-ef45","provider":"Colonial Acres Coins","version":"1.0","type":"link"}